Skip to content
  • Research
  • About Us
  • News
  • Community College FAQs
  • Blog
  • Pandemic Recovery

Focus Areas

  • Dual Enrollment
  • Developmental Education
  • Guided Pathways
  • Advising & Student Supports
  • Teaching & Learning
  • Transfer
  • College to Career
Menu
  • Dual Enrollment
  • Developmental Education
  • Guided Pathways
  • Advising & Student Supports
  • Teaching & Learning
  • Transfer
  • College to Career

Publications Library

CCRC’s complete collection of publications

Presentations

Webinars and conference presentations with CCRC researchers

Guided Pathways Workshops

Materials from our do-it-yourself workshop series

Policy Resources

Our collection of federal policy briefs and fact sheets

  • CCRC Staff
  • Research Affiliates
  • Advisory Board
  • Employment
  • Biennial Report
  • Our History
  • Contact
Menu
  • CCRC Staff
  • Research Affiliates
  • Advisory Board
  • Employment
  • Biennial Report
  • Our History
  • Contact
  • CCRC in the News
  • Opinion
  • Press Releases
Menu
  • CCRC in the News
  • Opinion
  • Press Releases
  • Overview
  • Important Dates
  • FAQs
  • Overview
  • Important Dates
  • FAQs
  • Overview
  • Important Dates
  • FAQs

Thomas Bailey

Director Emeritus and Senior Fellow

Thomas Bailey is the president of Teachers College, Columbia University, and the George and Abby O’Neill Professor of Economics and Education at TC. He was the founding director of CCRC and is currently a senior fellow with the center. Previously, Bailey directed the IES-funded Center for the Analysis of Postsecondary Readiness (2014–2019), the Center for Analysis of Postsecondary Education and Employment (2011–2017), and the National Center for Postsecondary Research (2006–2012).

Bailey has been director of the Institute on Education and the Economy at Teachers College since 1992, and in 1996, with support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, he established the Community College Research Center. In 2010, U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan appointed Bailey chair of the Committee on Measures of Student Success, which developed recommendations for community colleges to comply with completion rate disclosure requirements under the Higher Education Opportunity Act. Bailey and CCRC won the Terry O’Banion Prize for Teaching and Learning at the annual conference for the League for Innovation in the Community College in 2013; Bailey was also inducted as an AERA Fellow in the same year. He has been a member of the National Academy of Education since 2012.

His papers have appeared in a wide variety of education, policy-oriented, and academic journals, and he has authored or coauthored several books on the employment and training of immigrants and the extent and effects of on-the-job training. With Shanna Smith Jaggars and Davis Jenkins, Bailey wrote Redesigning America’s Community Colleges: A Clearer Path to Student Success, published by Harvard University Press. Other books include Defending the Community College Equity Agenda (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), coedited with Vanessa Morest; Working Knowledge: Work-Based Learning and Education Reform (Routledge, 2004), coauthored with Katherine Hughes and David Moore; Manufacturing Advantage (Cornell University Press, 2000), written with Eileen Appelbaum, Peter Berg, and Arne Kalleberg; and The Double Helix of Education and the Economy (IEE, 1992), coauthored with Sue Berryman. Bailey holds a PhD from MIT with specialties in education, labor economics, and econometrics.

September 2019

The False Dichotomy Between Academic Learning and Occupational Skills

This essay compares broad academic and vocational program goals, embodied skills, tasks, and jobs, with a focus primarily on community college students.
June 2019

Humanities and Liberal Arts Education Across America’s Colleges: How Much Is There?

This short report provides a systematic accounting of the provision of humanities and liberal arts education at public colleges in the United States, including community colleges.
June 2018

The Impact of Occupational Licensing on Labor Market Outcomes of College-Educated Workers

This paper identifies the effects of licenses on a set of labor market outcomes for the college-educated workforce using newly available national Current Population Survey data merged with data from the U.S. Department of Labor on state-level, occupation-specific licensing requirements.
May 2018

Responding to Divergent Trends: Vocational and Transfer Education at Community Colleges

In this article for Change: The Magazine for Higher Learning, CCRC Founding Director and Teachers College President Thomas Bailey outlines the tradeoff between degrees and short-term credentials offered to community college students and describes how the colleges themselves may be able to help resolve this conflict.
April 2018

CCRC Currents 2018

In CCRC's 2018 newsletter, Thomas Bailey discusses issues colleges should attend to as they implement guided pathways in order to ensure that these reforms help close equity gaps.
November 2017

Stackable Credentials: Do They Have Labor Market Value?

Using national, survey, and college-system-level datasets, this paper estimates the association between stackable credentials and earnings, finding weakly positive and inconsistent gains from these award combinations.
May 2017

The Need for Comprehensive Reform: From Access to Completion

This chapter argues that substantially increasing college completion rates requires comprehensive institutional reform with a focus on measurable student success, an intentional and cohesive package of programmatic components, and a culture of evidence.
April 2017

Stackable Credentials: Awards for the Future?

This paper addresses empirical challenges in identifying stackable credentials, distinguishes three types of stackable awards, and estimates the number of persons who earn such awards. It then discusses the utility of these awards in meeting labor market demands and needs of students.
April 2017

CCRC Currents 2017

In CCRC's 2017 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey discusses how CAPSEE research has contributed to the understanding of the value of investing in a college education.
April 2017

Model Specifications for Estimating Labor Market Returns to Associate Degrees: How Robust Are Fixed Effects Estimates?

This CAPSEE working paper reviews results from fixed effects models of the earnings gains from completing an associate degree and compares them with ordinary least squares model estimates.
March 2017

The Labor Market Returns to Sub-Baccalaureate College: A Review

This CAPSEE working paper and accompanying brief review recent evidence from eight states on the labor market returns to credit accumulation, certificates, and associate degrees from community colleges using large-scale, statewide administrative datasets.
February 2017

Early Momentum Metrics: Why They Matter for College Improvement

In this brief, the authors propose three measures of early academic momentum that colleges can use to gauge whether institutional reforms are improving student outcomes
January 2017

Policy Levers to Strengthen Community College Transfer Student Success in Texas

Based on three sets of analyses, this report to the Greater Texas Foundation recommends ways that state policy could help to improve outcomes for community college transfer students in Texas.
November 2016

Strategies for Postsecondary Students in Developmental Education

This practice guide presents six evidence-based recommendations for college and university faculty, administrators, and advisors working to improve the success of students academically underprepared for college.
August 2016

Matching Talents to Careers: From Self-Directed to Guided Pathways

This chapter in the book Matching Students to Opportunity examines the matching process between students and college programs or majors, primarily in community colleges.
June 2016

When College Students Start Behind

This report for The Century Foundation's College Completion Series lays out the open questions on how to reform developmental education.
April 2016

CCRC Currents 2016

In CCRC's 2016 newsletter, CCRC Director Thomas Bailey writes about the growth and influence of the guided pathways model.
April 2015

Redesigning America’s Community Colleges: A Clearer Path to Student Success

The authors of this book argue that to substantially increase student completion, community colleges must engage in fundamental redesign and outline research-based strategies to help colleges achieve this goal.
April 2015

CCRC Currents 2015

In CCRC's 2015 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey argues for comprehensive reform using a guided pathways approach.
April 2015

What We Know About Guided Pathways

This practitioner packet summarizes evidence supporting the guided pathways reform model, describes how one college implemented guided pathways, and offers tips for getting started on guided pathways reforms.
April 2014

CCRC Currents 2014

In CCRC's 2014 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey argues that comprehensive reform has the potential to move the needle on college completion.
April 2013

CCRC Currents 2013

In CCRC's 2013 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey discusses CCRC’s recent research on online education and nonacademic skills and argues that to maximize the potential of online learning, community colleges need to bolster supports for students and instructors.
February 2013

Characterizing the Effectiveness of Developmental Education: A Response to Recent Criticism

In response to a journal article questioning CCRC’s claims about the effectiveness of developmental education, this essay discusses methodological concerns and other issues that may be a source of confusion.
February 2013

Acceleration Through a Holistic Support Model: An Implementation and Outcomes Analysis of FastStart@CCD

This report discusses the development of FastStart, its program features, and student perspectives, and it presents findings from a quantitative analysis of the FastStart math program.
November 2012

Community College Occupational Degrees: Are They Worth It?

Thomas Bailey and Clive Belfield consider the role of community colleges, with particular attention to the benefits to workers (as measured by earnings) of certificates and degrees by field of study.
July 2012

Can Community Colleges Achieve Ambitious Graduation Goals?

This book chapter discusses community college graduation goals that have been set by the Obama administration, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and Lumina Foundation for Education.
April 2012

CCRC Currents 2012

In CCRC's 2012 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey discusses CCRC’s research on developmental assessment and placement and how colleges might more effectively assess incoming students.
April 2011

CCRC Currents 2011

In CCRC's 2011 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey discusses what we have learned about effective practices in community college from CCRC’s Assessment of Evidence Series.
February 2011

Introduction to the CCRC Assessment of Evidence Series

This paper summarizes findings from eight working papers (the Assessment of Evidence Series) that synthesized research on strategies for improving outcomes for community college students, and makes four broad recommendations based on these findings.
January 2011

The Benefits of Attending Community College: A Review of the Evidence

This article reviews the existing literature on the economic and other benefits of attending community college and considers the methodological challenges associated with calculating earnings gains from attending a community college.
October 2010

Developmental Education in Community Colleges

Prepared for the 2010 White House Summit on Community College, this brief discusses developmental education challenges and describes initiatives designed to improve remedial services.
September 2010

Referral, Enrollment, and Completion in Developmental Education Sequences in Community Colleges

This paper analyzes patterns of student progression through sequences of developmental education starting from initial referral.
July 2010

Effectiveness of Fully Online Courses for College Students: Response to a Department of Education Meta-Analysis

This paper demonstrates that a close analysis of the studies of online learning included in a Department of Education meta-analysis reveals no trend in favor of the online course mode.
April 2010

CCRC Currents 2010

In CCRC's 2010 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey reviews CCRC's accomplishments since its founding in 1996.
March 2010

Human Resource Development and Career and Technical Education in American Community Colleges

Prepared for a Human Resources Development Group Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), this paper discusses a range of issues relevant to the community college mission of helping prepare a skilled workforce for jobs offering reasonable wages.
September 2009

Helping Students Navigate the Path to College: What High Schools Can Do

This guide for district administrators, teachers, and counselors aims to help schools and districts develop practices to increase access to higher education and details the research evidence informing its recommendations.
April 2009

The Landscape of Noncredit Workforce Education: State Policies and Community College Practices

This report provides detailed findings on state policies and community college practice from CCRC's study of community college noncredit workforce education.
April 2009

CCRC Currents 2009

In CCRC's 2009 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey discusses CCRC research that tracked the enrollment and progression of community college students into and through remediation, and outlines directions for reform.
March 2009

Challenge and Opportunity: Rethinking the Role and Function of Developmental Education in Community College

This paper examines evidence on the effectiveness of developmental education and outlines a broad reform agenda for helping students with weak academic skills.
December 2008

Community College Student Success: What Institutional Characteristics Make a Difference?

This paper describes how researchers used data on student characteristics and educational outcomes from several federal government sources to explore the legitimacy of the various ways that college effectiveness can be assessed by using measures of student success.
October 2008

The Postsecondary Achievement of Participants in Dual Enrollment: An Analysis of Student Outcomes in Two States

This study uses rigorous quantitative methods to examine the impact of dual enrollment participation on students in Florida and New York City.
April 2008

CCRC Currents 2008

In CCRC's 2008 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey reviews CCRC's research on dual enrollment and discusses findings that suggest participation in dual enrollment and career-technical dual enrollment is associated with a range of positive postsecondary outcomes.
February 2008

Beyond Traditional College: The Role of Community Colleges, Career and Technical Postsecondary Education in Preparing a Globally Competitive Work Force

This essay describes the characteristics of community college students and discusses the role of the community college in increasing access to higher education by traditionally underserved students.
November 2007

Bridging the High School-College Divide

This book chapter reviews three dominant strategies to create academic linkages between high school and college—remediation, dual enrollment, and the high school/college alignment movement.
August 2007

Does Age of Entrance Affect Community College Completion Probabilities? Evidence From a Discrete-Time Hazard Model

This paper reveals unique findings from a study that compared educational outcomes of older and traditional-age students.
April 2007

CCRC Currents 2007

In CCRC's 2007 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey argues that in order to improve, community colleges need to make better use of student data. He discusses CCRC's involvement in two national initiatives that emphasize the use of data to inform institutional decision making.
March 2007

Is Student Success Labeled Institutional Failure? Student Goals and Graduation Rates in the Accountability Debate at Community Colleges

This working paper explores the impact of students' reasons for enrollment and educational expectations on their outcomes and, thus, on the performance of their college.
March 2007

What Can Student Right-to-Know Graduation Rates Tell Us About Community College Performance?

This working paper examines the validity of the Student Right-to-Know (SRK) graduation rates as measures of community college performance.
January 2007

The National Academy Foundation’s Career Academies: Shaping Postsecondary Transitions

This chapter examines the extent to which career academies deliver on their promises.
October 2006

Stepping Stones to a Degree: The Impact of Enrollment Pathways and Milestones on Community College Student Outcomes

This paper presents findings from CCRC's study on the experiences and educational outcomes of older and younger community college students.
May 2006

Relative Success? Determinants of College Graduation Rates in Public and Private Colleges in the U.S.

This article discusses the use of regression analysis to evaluate public and private institutions serving vastly different populations.
April 2006

Defending the Community College Equity Agenda

In this book, CCRC researchers analyze how colleges have tried to improve their performance with respect to low-income students, students of color, and nontraditional students.
April 2006

CCRC Currents 2006

In CCRC's 2006 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey discusses how attention to the postsecondary achievement of community college students has grown over the past 10 years and how that attention represents a shift from an exclusive focus on access and equity.
October 2005

Implications of Educational Inequality for the Future Workforce

This paper discusses how economic, political, social, and demographic factors are changing in ways that will likely increase educational inequality in the United States and hamper productivity growth.
October 2005

Is Student-Right-to-Know All You Should Know? An Analysis of Community College Graduation Rates

This working paper presents a research model that CCRC has developed to better understand the effects of institutional characteristics on student outcomes.
September 2005

State Dual Enrollment Policies: Addressing Access and Quality Report

This report analyzes dual enrollment legislation in all 50 states and examines whether these policies promote or inhibit the spread of dual enrollment programs.
August 2005

Educational Outcomes of Occupational Postsecondary Students

The authors examine whether postsecondary occupational students, particularly sub-baccalaureate students, are more likely than other types of postsecondary students to achieve educational goals.
June 2005

The Returns to Education at Community Colleges: Evidence From the National Education Longitudinal Survey

This article discusses the economic effects of a community college education using the latest available nationally representative dataset. The authors find substantial evidence that a community college education has positive effects on earnings among young workers, especially those who earn an associate degree.
April 2005

CCRC Currents 2005

In CCRC's 2005 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey discusses CCRC's research on the achievement and outcomes of underrepresented students at community colleges.
February 2005

Paths to Persistence: An Analysis of Research on Program Effectiveness at Community Colleges

This report presents a critical analysis of the state of the research on the effectiveness of specific practices in increasing persistence and completion at community colleges.
February 2005

The Effects of Institutional Factors on the Success of Community College Students

This paper examines institutional characteristics that affect the success of community college students as measured by the individual student probability of completing a certificate or degree or transferring to a baccalaureate institution.
February 2005

Community College Low-Income and Minority Student Completion Study: Descriptive Statistics From the 1992 High School Cohort

This report summarizes statistics on access and attainment in higher education, focusing on community college students, using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988.
January 2005

What We Know About Community College Low-Income and Minority Student Outcomes

This report summarizes the latest available national statistics on access and attainment by low-income and racial/ethnic minority community college students.
November 2004

Improving Student Attainment in Community Colleges: Institutional Characteristics and Policies

This report reviews the state of research on the determinants of student outcomes in community colleges and initiates a program of empirical research on institutional graduation rates.
August 2004

The Characteristics of Occupational Students in Postsecondary Education

This brief presents a profile of the enrollment, demographic, and educational characteristics and educational goals of community college students in occupational programs.
August 2004

The Return to a Sub-Baccalaureate Education: The Effects of Schooling, Credentials, and Program of Study on Economic Outcomes

This report estimates the returns to a sub-baccalaureate education in response to the debate centered on whether vocational education restricts access to a four-year college.
April 2004

CCRC Currents 2004

In CCRC's 2004 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey discusses CCRC’s analyses of national survey data to identify demographic and educational characteristics of community college students, assess community college student outcomes, and determine the economic benefits of a community college education.
April 2004

Institutionalization and Sustainability of the National Science Foundation’s Advanced Technological Education Program

Institutionalization and Sustainability of the National Science Foundation's Advanced Technological Education Program
February 2004

The Organizational Efficiency of Multiple Missions for Community Colleges

Using case study research conducted at eight community colleges in five states, this report examines the issue of, and controversy over, the ever-expanding missions of community colleges.
January 2004

Outsourcing of Instruction at Community Colleges

This report presents the findings of exploratory research designed to identify the characteristics of the outsourcing of instruction at community colleges and the forces that promote or block its spread.
November 2003

Promoting College Access and Success: A Review of Credit-Based Transition Programs

Focusing on dual enrollment, Tech Prep, AP, IB, and middle college high schools, this report offers a comprehensive look at the evidence base on this rapidly growing group of education initiatives.
October 2003

Working Knowledge: Learning and Education Reform

This book explores the potential for using work-based learning as part of a broad education reform strategy.
July 2003

A Researcher’s Perspective

This article provides a researcher's perspective about classification systems for two-year colleges
April 2003

Integration of Vocational and Academic Curricula Through the NSF Advanced Technological Education Program (ATE)

This paper discusses the process and impact of the ATE innovation from several different dimensions by examining instructional and institutional factors that affect the process of curriculum integration.
April 2003

CCRC Currents 2003

In CCRC's 2003 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey discusses the fiscal crisis facing community colleges and reviews some of the findings from CCRC's national field study of community colleges and CCRC's research on the educational outcomes of community college occupational students.
April 2003

Community Colleges and the Equity Agenda: What the Record Shows

This paper discusses the economic returns to education for African American and Hispanic students and the performance of community colleges in increasing college access for ethnic minority students.
March 2003

Community College Movement in Perspective: Teachers College Responds to the Truman Commission

This book examines the origins and early history of the American community college and the role played by Teachers College in that history.
March 2003

What Role Can Dual Enrollment Programs Play in Easing the Transition Between High School and Postsecondary Education?

This article provides an overview of preexisting relationships between high school and colleges and discusses the promising initiative of dual enrollment.
March 2003

The Characteristics of Occupational Sub-Baccalaureate Students Entering the New Millennium

This report is a quantitative analysis of postsecondary occupational education students using national datasets.
February 2003

For-Profit Higher Education and Community Colleges

This paper reports on a two-year research study jointly conducted by CCRC and National Center for Postsecondary Improvement that compares for-profit institutions with community colleges.
January 2003

Community Colleges in the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities

This chapter discusses the challenges of community colleges, trends leading to enrollment growth, and the controversy over mission expansion and offers suggestions for reform. A brief version is also available.
December 2002

Educating Immigrants and Native Minorities in CUNY Community Colleges

CCRC Brief No. 13 focuses on immigrant enrollment in community colleges and two-year associate degree programs in City University of New York (CUNY) senior colleges.
April 2002

CCRC Currents 2002

In CCRC's 2002 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey discusses the growing national interest in community colleges and reviews CCRC research comparing for-profit colleges and community colleges.
March 2002

The Evolving Community College: The Multiple Mission Debate

This chapter, published in Perspectives on the Community College: A Journey of Discovery, features a revealing discussion about the new roles of community colleges.
April 2001

CCRC Currents 2001

In the inaugural edition of CCRC's newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey discusses the mission of CCRC and the research it conducted during its first three years on the multiple missions of community colleges and the conditions under which individual students benefit most from community colleges.
May 2000

Multiple Missions of Community Colleges

This book chapter discusses the controversial issue of multiple missions of community colleges in the age of digital technology.
May 1999

What Can We Learn About Postsecondary Vocational Education From Existing Data?

This paper outlines an agenda for research on postsecondary vocational education that can be carried out with existing data.
May 1999

Multiple Missions of Community Colleges: Conflicting or Complementary?

In this report and brief, the authors clarify the underlying assumptions of both sides in the community college multiple missions debate.
January 1998

Preparing Youth for Employment

This book chapter, published by the American Youth Policy Forum, discusses shaky prospects for successful passages to productive adult lives.
April 2018

Developmental Education Reform: Early Findings From CAPR

September 2017

The National Concurrent Enrollment Movement and Lessons for Idaho

Recent Publications

September 2019

The False Dichotomy Between Academic Learning and Occupational Skills

June 2019

Humanities and Liberal Arts Education Across America’s Colleges: How Much Is There?

June 2018

The Impact of Occupational Licensing on Labor Market Outcomes of College-Educated Workers

May 2018

Responding to Divergent Trends: Vocational and Transfer Education at Community Colleges

Recent Presentations

April 2018

Developmental Education Reform: Early Findings From CAPR

September 2017

The National Concurrent Enrollment Movement and Lessons for Idaho

  • Our Research
  • About Us
  • News
  • Community College FAQs
  • Blog
  • Pandemic Recovery
  • Our Research
  • About Us
  • News
  • Community College FAQs
  • Blog
  • Pandemic Recovery

Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University
Box 174 | 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027

  • 212.678.3091
  • ccrc@columbia.edu

© 2025. All rights reserved.

Facebook-f Twitter Linkedin Youtube Instagram
Join our mailing list
  • Our Research
    • Focus Areas
    • Publications Library
    • Presentations
    • Guided Pathways Workshops
    • Policy Resources
  • About Us
    • CCRC Staff
    • Research Affiliates
    • Advisory Board
    • Employment
    • Biennial Report
    • Our History
    • Contact
  • News
  • Community College FAQs
  • Blog
  • Pandemic Recovery
  • Our Research
    • Focus Areas
    • Publications Library
    • Presentations
    • Guided Pathways Workshops
    • Policy Resources
  • About Us
    • CCRC Staff
    • Research Affiliates
    • Advisory Board
    • Employment
    • Biennial Report
    • Our History
    • Contact
  • News
  • Community College FAQs
  • Blog
  • Pandemic Recovery