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Guided Pathways

Guided pathways is a whole-college redesign model designed to help all students explore, choose, plan, and complete programs aligned with their career and education goals efficiently and affordably. Hundreds of colleges are implementing guided pathways reforms to improve student completion rates, close equity gaps, and increase enrollments in an increasingly competitive environment.

Why We Study Guided Pathways

In their 2015 book, Redesigning America’s Community Colleges: A Clearer Path to Student Success, CCRC researchers Thomas Bailey, Shanna Smith Jaggars, and Davis Jenkins sought to explain why, despite over a decade of reform among community colleges across the country as part of the “completion agenda,” community colleges had not been able to substantially increase completion rates or reduce persistent equity gaps in student achievement. They argued that the “cafeteria college” model that community colleges adopted to dramatically expand access to U.S. higher education during the 1960s and 1970s inadvertently created barriers to student success. The paths to student end goals were not clear, support for career and college exploration and planning was limited, too many students failed to move beyond prerequisite remediation, students’ progress wasn’t monitored, and instructional innovation was focused on improving teaching in courses rather than ensuring that students were building essential skills across their programs.

Redesigning America’s Community Colleges urged colleges to undertake wholesale restructuring of programs and student supports following the guided pathways model, which calls for systematic changes in policies, practices, and systems in four areas:

  1. Clarifying paths to student education and career goals;
  2. Helping students get on a path;
  3. Keeping students on path; and
  4. Ensuring students are learning across programs.

Since the publication of Redesigning, CCRC’s thinking about the core components of guided pathways has continued to evolve, and we are building evidence on how to effectively implement guided pathways, promote equity, and measure impacts on students. Nearly 400 community colleges are implementing guided pathways reforms as part of formal national or statewide initiatives in 16 states, while many other colleges are doing so on their own.

Featured Publication

Lessons From Two Major Evaluations of Guided Pathways

This brief discusses findings and implications from two large studies of guided pathways that examined the scale at which colleges have implemented reforms and the association between adopted practices and early student outcomes.
Learn more

How Colleges Are Doing Guided Pathways

“Redesigning community colleges in the face of fiscal and enrollment uncertainty requires courageous leadership. The process requires leaders to lay the groundwork for change by engaging faculty and staff across the colleges to examine barriers to student success and engage the college in thinking and acting in very different ways.”

Davis Jenkins
CCRC Senior Research Scholar

Reimagining Onboarding: The Ask-Connect-Inspire-Plan Framework

Effective college onboarding is a major component of guided pathways. The Ask-Connect-Inspire-Plan framework is a new way of onboarding students focused on helping students build momentum into a program from the start. Here are the major changes in practice.

Conventional Practice

Program Onboarding

ASK

Conventional Practice

Academic and career exploration assistance is mainly limited to information on websites and self-directed search.

Program Onboarding

Every student is asked about their interests, strengths, and aspirations and is guided to programs and people at the college with similar interests.

CONNECT

Conventional Practice

Students are expected to forge relationships in their field independently.

Program Onboarding

From the start, colleges organize opportunities for all students to meet with faculty, students, alumni, and employers in fields of interest to them.

INSPIRE

Conventional Practice

Students spend the first term/year completing developmental and general education prerequisites.

Program Onboarding

Every student takes at least one course in term 1 on topics of interest that “light their fire” for learning.

PLAN

Conventional Practice

Some students are helped to develop first-semester schedules, followed by self-guided navigation.

Program Onboarding

Colleges help every student to develop a full-program plan used to schedule classes and monitor progress.

Advancing Equity Through Guided Pathways

For whole-college reforms to deliver on their promise, educational equity must be front and center. In the context of guided pathways, that means colleges must do more than clarify program paths and strengthen student supports. Colleges must also dismantle longstanding barriers to success for students from underserved groups (such as traditional developmental education models), help them explore their interests and strengths, and connect them to people, courses, and experiences that can support their growth. The goal is to ensure that minoritized and underserved students are helped to enter and complete programs that lead to family-supporting jobs or transfer to four-year colleges. In these ways, guided pathways has the potential to promote intergenerational social mobility among community college students.

For more on adopting an equity mindset in guided pathways reforms, see “Guided Pathways Reforms Designed With Equity in Mind.”

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Featured Tool

Guided Pathways Workshops

CCRC's guided pathways workshop series includes resources to help you reimagine program onboarding at your college using the Ask-Connect-Inspire-Plan (ACIP) framework. The self-guided workshops focus on helping students choose a program of study; connect with faculty, students, and others with similar interests; take a course that “lights their fire” for learning; and build a full-program educational plan.
Learn more

CCRC's Guided Pathways Research Agenda

CCRC is studying the choices colleges are making as they implement guided pathways, how they are managing the reforms, and the impacts they are having on students. Some of the questions we’re addressing include:

Adoption of the guided pathways model
  • What practices are colleges implementing and at what scale?
Change management and metrics
  • How can college leaders effectively manage these whole-college reforms?
  • How can colleges measure the early effects of guided pathways reforms to inform continuous improvement?
Student onboarding and program choice
  • How can colleges help students choose a program path that is a good fit?
  • How can colleges advise and support underrepresented students to take higher remuneration program paths?
Teaching and learning
  • How can community colleges offer program-relevant experiential learning to students at scale?
  • What reforms in teaching are needed to improve student success on their pathways?
Costs and funding
  • What are the costs of guided pathways reforms and how are colleges paying for them?
  • Are guided pathways reforms sustainable for community colleges?
Effects of guided pathways reforms
  • What are the effects of guided pathways reforms on student success overall?
  • What are the effects on outcomes for underrepresented students?
Partnerships with high schools, community groups, employers, and universities
  • How can community colleges work with high schools, universities, and employers to build cross-sectoral pathways to good jobs?
  • How can colleges manage these partnerships effectively?

Further Reading

Guided pathways

Which Community College Awards Are Likely to Prepare Students for Post-Completion Success? 

April 2025

Lessons From Two Major Evaluations of Guided Pathways

March 2024

Whole-College Reforms in Community Colleges: Guided Pathways Practices and Early Academic Success in Three States

March 2024

Related Blog Posts

Shot of a young woman carrying her schoolbooks outside at college

On Path and On Schedule: Strategies for Prioritizing Time to Completion for Community College Students

  • May 21, 2025

Reimagining Program Recruitment and Onboarding Using the Ask-Connect-Inspire-Plan Framework

  • May 6, 2025
College students studying with laptop

Teaching Community College Students to Be Versatile Learners: An Imperative for Ensuring Post-Completion Success

  • April 22, 2025

Our Guided Pathways Experts

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Davis Jenkins

Senior Research Scholar

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Hana Lahr

Assistant Director of Research and Director of Applied Learning

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Maggie P. Fay

Senior Research Associate

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John Fink

Senior Research Associate and Program Lead

Read More

View all of our publications on guided pathways.

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