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Improving College Access in the United States: Barriers and Policy Responses
December 2015

Improving College Access in the United States: Barriers and Policy Responses

Lindsay C. PageJudith Scott-Clayton
In this National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) working paper, the authors describe the barriers that students face during the transition to college and review the evidence on potential policy solutions.
Weathering the Great Recession With Human Capital? Evidence on Labor Market Returns to Education From Arkansas
November 2015

Weathering the Great Recession With Human Capital? Evidence on Labor Market Returns to Education From Arkansas

Clive Belfield
This CAPSEE working paper examines the returns to education for large numbers of young workers in Arkansas over the period before, during, and after the Great Recession.
The Labor Market Returns to Math in Community College: Evidence Using the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002
October 2015

The Labor Market Returns to Math in Community College: Evidence Using the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002

Clive Belfield
This CAPSEE working paper examines the returns to math courses relative to the returns to other courses for students who started their postsecondary education at community college.
Lessons From the Corridors of College Success Initiative: An Introduction
October 2015

Lessons From the Corridors of College Success Initiative: An Introduction

Melinda Mechur KarpValerie Lundy-Wagner
Collective impact is a place-based model of educational and social intervention that aims to shift responsibility for improvement in outcomes from ...
Should Community College Students Earn an Associate Degree Before Transferring to a Four-Year Institution?
October 2015

Should Community College Students Earn an Associate Degree Before Transferring to a Four-Year Institution?

Peter M. CrostaElizabeth M. Kopko
Using data on students who entered community college and then transferred, this paper examines the impact on bachelor’s degree attainment of earning an associate degree before transferring to a four-year college.
Noncredit Education in Community College: Students, Course Enrollments, and Academic Outcomes
September 2015

Noncredit Education in Community College: Students, Course Enrollments, and Academic Outcomes

Di XuFlorence Xiaotao Ran
Using data on students at nine community colleges, this paper examines enrollment patterns and outcomes of students who take noncredit courses, including those who intend to transition to the for-credit sector.
The Impact of Co-locating American Job Centers on Community College Campuses in North Carolina
September 2015

The Impact of Co-locating American Job Centers on Community College Campuses in North Carolina

Michelle Van Noy
This CAPSEE working paper examines student outcomes at six community colleges in North Carolina that had co-located American Job Centers on their campuses.
Examining Faculty Questions to Facilitate Instructional Improvement in Higher Education
September 2015

Examining Faculty Questions to Facilitate Instructional Improvement in Higher Education

Susan BickerstaffMaria S. Cormier
This article uses qualitative data from a multi-campus study of instructional reform in developmental education to present a typology of questions raised by community college faculty teaching in reformed contexts.
Student Attitudes Toward Technology-Mediated Advising Systems
August 2015

Student Attitudes Toward Technology-Mediated Advising Systems

Hoori Santikian KalamkarianMelinda Mechur Karp
Using focus group data from students at six colleges, this paper examines student preferences concerning technology-based advising tools and in-person advising sessions for different kinds of advising tasks.
Improving the Accuracy of Remedial Placement
July 2015

Improving the Accuracy of Remedial Placement

Judith Scott-ClaytonClive Belfield
This practitioner packet summarizes CCRC’s research on remedial placement at community colleges and considers how including students’ high school transcript information in the assignment process could improve placement accuracy.
Should Student Employment Be Subsidized? Conditional Counterfactuals and the Outcomes of Work-Study Participation
July 2015

Should Student Employment Be Subsidized? Conditional Counterfactuals and the Outcomes of Work-Study Participation

Judith Scott-ClaytonVeronica Minaya
Using two waves of the Beginning Postsecondary Student survey, this paper provides the first national estimates of the effect of the Federal Work-Study program on students' academic and labor market outcomes.
Using Technology to Reform Advising: Insights From Colleges
June 2015

Using Technology to Reform Advising: Insights From Colleges

Melinda Mechur KarpJeffrey Fletcher
Based on research at six colleges, this guide provides lessons for colleges that want to use increasingly common technology tools to reform advising practices.
Efficiency Gains in Community Colleges: Two Areas for Further Investigation
June 2015

Efficiency Gains in Community Colleges: Two Areas for Further Investigation

Clive Belfield
This paper reviews how an increase in contingent faculty and an increase in class size might affect efficiency at community colleges.
Statewide Developmental Education Reform: Early Implementation in Virginia and North Carolina
May 2015

Statewide Developmental Education Reform: Early Implementation in Virginia and North Carolina

Hoori Santikian KalamkarianJulia RaufmanNikki Edgecombe
This report provides an overview of the developmental education redesigns in Virginia and North Carolina, presents preliminary findings, and discusses lessons for states, districts, and colleges pursuing developmental education reforms.
Calculating the Costs of Remedial Placement Testing
May 2015

Calculating the Costs of Remedial Placement Testing

Olga RodríguezBrooks BowdenClive BelfieldJudith Scott-Clayton
This publication presents findings on the costs of remedial placement testing at three colleges, and it provides guidance on how other colleges could undertake similar analyses.
Redesigning America’s Community Colleges: A Clearer Path to Student Success
April 2015

Redesigning America’s Community Colleges: A Clearer Path to Student Success

Thomas BaileyShanna Smith JaggarsDavis Jenkins
The authors of this book argue that to substantially increase student completion, community colleges must engage in fundamental redesign and outline research-based strategies to help colleges achieve this goal.
The Politics of Performance Funding for Higher Education: Origins, Discontinuations, and Transformations
April 2015

The Politics of Performance Funding for Higher Education: Origins, Discontinuations, and Transformations

Kevin DoughertyRebecca Natow
In this book, the authors explore the various forces, actors, and motivations behind the adoption, discontinuation, and transformation of performance funding systems.
CCRC Currents 2015
April 2015

CCRC Currents 2015

Thomas BaileyCCRC
In CCRC's 2015 newsletter, Director Thomas Bailey argues for comprehensive reform using a guided pathways approach.
What We Know About Guided Pathways
April 2015

What We Know About Guided Pathways

Thomas BaileyShanna Smith JaggarsDavis Jenkins
This practitioner packet summarizes evidence supporting the guided pathways reform model, describes how one college implemented guided pathways, and offers tips for getting started on guided pathways reforms.
Organizational Learning by Colleges Responding to Performance Funding: Deliberative Structures and Their Challenges
March 2015

Organizational Learning by Colleges Responding to Performance Funding: Deliberative Structures and Their Challenges

Sosanya JonesKevin DoughertyRebecca NatowLara PheattVikash ReddyHana Lahr
Based on interviews with over 200 college personnel in Indiana, Ohio, and Tennessee, this paper identifies and analyzes the deliberative structures used by colleges and universities to respond to performance funding demands.
The Labor Market Returns to Math Courses in Community College
March 2015

The Labor Market Returns to Math Courses in Community College

Clive BelfieldVivian Yuen Ting Liu
Using matched college transcript and earnings data on over 80,000 students entering community college during the 2000s, this CAPSEE working paper examines the returns to math courses.
Dual Enrollment, Structural Reform, and the Completion Agenda
March 2015

Dual Enrollment, Structural Reform, and the Completion Agenda

Melinda Mechur Karp
This chapter addresses structural systems reform and college completion, as well as the role of dual enrollment in ensuring equitable postsecondary outcomes.
Emerging Early College Models for Traditionally Underserved Students
March 2015

Emerging Early College Models for Traditionally Underserved Students

Elisabeth A. BarnettEvelyn MaclutskyChery Wagonlander
Emerging early college models are providing opportunities for high school students to accrue college credits and experience themselves as successful ...
On Their Own Terms: Two-Year Minority Serving Institutions
February 2015

On Their Own Terms: Two-Year Minority Serving Institutions

Thai-Huy NguyenValerie Lundy-WagnerAndrés Castro SamayoaMarybeth GasmanAudrey WilsonDesmond DiggsMelanie WolffCarolina DávilaWilliam Boland
This report looks at the role of two-year Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) in improving postsecondary access and degree completion for disadvantaged students in the United States.
What About the Non-Completers? The Labor Market Returns to Progress in Community College
February 2015

What About the Non-Completers? The Labor Market Returns to Progress in Community College

Clive BelfieldMatthew ZeidenbergMarc Scott
Using a novel method for linking non-completers with completers, this paper calculates the labor market returns to programs of study, accounting both for those who obtain an award and those who do not.
What We Know About Transfer
January 2015

What We Know About Transfer

Davis JenkinsJohn Fink
This research overview reviews findings on transfer from community colleges to four-year colleges, including student outcomes, barriers to transfer, the economic benefits of transfer, and potential benefits to four-year colleges.
Increasing Institutional Capacity to Respond to Performance Funding: What States Can Do
January 2015

Increasing Institutional Capacity to Respond to Performance Funding: What States Can Do

This brief reviews what states can do to support public colleges and universities so they can effectively respond to the new demands placed on them by performance funding policies.
The Medium-Term Labor Market Returns to Community College Awards: Evidence From North Carolina
November 2014

The Medium-Term Labor Market Returns to Community College Awards: Evidence From North Carolina

Vivian Yuen Ting LiuClive BelfieldMadeline Joy Trimble
In this study, the authors examine medium-term returns to diplomas, certificates, and degrees for first-time college students who enrolled in the North Carolina Community College System in 2002–03.
Unintended Impacts of Performance Funding on Community Colleges and Universities in Three States
November 2014

Unintended Impacts of Performance Funding on Community Colleges and Universities in Three States

Hana LahrLara PheattKevin DoughertySosanya JonesRebecca NatowVikash Reddy
This paper identifies and analyzes the types and numbers of unintended impacts—actual or potential—of state performance funding policies on higher education institutions in three states: Indiana, Ohio, and Tennessee.
Obstacles to the Effective Implementation of Performance Funding: A Multistate Cross-Case Analysis
November 2014

Obstacles to the Effective Implementation of Performance Funding: A Multistate Cross-Case Analysis

Lara PheattHana LahrKevin DoughertySosanya JonesRebecca NatowVikash Reddy
This paper examines the major obstacles that hinder higher education institutions from responding effectively to the demands of performance funding programs in three states: Indiana, Ohio, and Tennessee.
Institutional Changes to Organizational Policies, Practices, and Programs Following the Adoption of State-Level Performance Funding Policies
November 2014

Institutional Changes to Organizational Policies, Practices, and Programs Following the Adoption of State-Level Performance Funding Policies

Rebecca NatowLara PheattKevin DoughertySosanya JonesHana LahrVikash Reddy
This paper examines the ways that universities and community colleges in Indiana, Ohio, and Tennessee have altered their policies, practices, and programs to respond to the demands of performance funding programs.
Policy Instruments in Service of Performance Funding: A Study of Performance Funding in Three States
November 2014

Policy Instruments in Service of Performance Funding: A Study of Performance Funding in Three States

Vikash ReddyHana LahrKevin DoughertySosanya JonesRebecca NatowLara Pheatt
This study examines the primary policy instruments through which state performance funding systems influence higher education institutions in Indiana, Ohio, and Tennessee.
Implementing Performance Funding in Three Leading States: Instruments, Outcomes, Obstacles, and Unintended Impacts
November 2014

Implementing Performance Funding in Three Leading States: Instruments, Outcomes, Obstacles, and Unintended Impacts

Kevin DoughertySosanya JonesHana LahrRebecca NatowLara PheattVikash Reddy
This paper summarizes findings from a large study on the implementation and impacts of performance funding in three states that are regarded as leaders in that movement: Indiana, Ohio, and Tennessee.
Labor Market Returns to Sub-Baccalaureate Credentials: How Much Does a Community College Degree or Certificate Pay?
November 2014

Labor Market Returns to Sub-Baccalaureate Credentials: How Much Does a Community College Degree or Certificate Pay?

Mina DadgarMadeline Joy Trimble
This study provides one of the first estimates of the returns to different types of community college credentials across different fields of study.
On Second Chances and Stratification: How Sociologists Think About Community Colleges
October 2014

On Second Chances and Stratification: How Sociologists Think About Community Colleges

Lauren SchuddeSara Goldrick-Rab
This article provides an overview of sociology’s approach to understanding community colleges. It describes sociological theories and their contributions to the field and discusses recent debates on community colleges.
Three Accelerated Developmental Education Programs: Features, Student Outcomes, and Implications
October 2014

Three Accelerated Developmental Education Programs: Features, Student Outcomes, and Implications

Shanna Smith JaggarsMichelle HodaraSung-Woo ChoDi Xu
This study examines three developmental acceleration programs—two in English and one in math—and finds that accelerated students were more likely to complete the relevant college-level course within 3 years.
Redesigning Arithmetic for Student Success: Supporting Faculty to Teach in New Ways
September 2014

Redesigning Arithmetic for Student Success: Supporting Faculty to Teach in New Ways

Susan BickerstaffBarbara LontzMaria S. CormierDi Xu
This chapter describes a promising approach to teaching developmental arithmetic and prealgebra and presents findings on a faculty support network that helped instructors adopt new teaching strategies.
Adaptability to Online Learning: Differences Across Types of Students and Academic Subject Areas
September 2014

Adaptability to Online Learning: Differences Across Types of Students and Academic Subject Areas

Di XuShanna Smith Jaggars
This study examines how well students adapt to the online environment in terms of their ability to persist and earn strong grades in online courses relative to their ability to do so in face-to-face courses.
Strengthening Program Pathways Through Transformative Change
September 2014

Strengthening Program Pathways Through Transformative Change

Lenore RodicioDavis JenkinsSusan Mayer
This chapter reports on a major college-wide effort to smooth students’ paths as they enter the college, choose a program, and progress to a credential.
Performance Funding for Higher Education: Forms, Origins, Impacts, and Futures
September 2014

Performance Funding for Higher Education: Forms, Origins, Impacts, and Futures

Kevin DoughertySosanya JonesHana LahrRebecca NatowLara PheattVikash Reddy
This article reviews the forms, extent, origins, implementation, impacts (intended and unintended), and policy prospects of performance funding.
Can Community Colleges Afford to Improve Completion? Measuring the Costs and Efficiency Effects of College Reforms
September 2014

Can Community Colleges Afford to Improve Completion? Measuring the Costs and Efficiency Effects of College Reforms

Clive BelfieldPeter M. CrostaDavis Jenkins
This paper introduces a model that uses transcript data matched to credit-level cost data and funding formulae to calculate the implications for efficiency of reforms intended to improve completion rates.
Remedial Placement Testing in Community Colleges: What Resources Are Required, and What Does It Cost?
September 2014

Remedial Placement Testing in Community Colleges: What Resources Are Required, and What Does It Cost?

Olga RodríguezBrooks BowdenClive BelfieldJudith Scott-Clayton
Using detailed data from three community colleges, the authors of this study employ the ingredients method to estimate the costs to colleges and students of remedial placement systems at community college.
Evaluating For-Profit Higher Education: Evidence From the Education Longitudinal Study
September 2014

Evaluating For-Profit Higher Education: Evidence From the Education Longitudinal Study

Vivian Yuen Ting LiuClive Belfield
Using the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, this CAPSEE working paper evaluates the postsecondary and labor market outcomes of students who attended for-profit colleges.
Redefining Full-Time in College: Evidence on 15-Credit Strategies
September 2014

Redefining Full-Time in College: Evidence on 15-Credit Strategies

Serena C. Klempin
This report reviews research evidence on college policies designed to facilitate on-time degree completion among students by encouraging them to enroll in at least 15 credits per semester.
Improving the Targeting of Treatment: Evidence From College Remediation
September 2014

Improving the Targeting of Treatment: Evidence From College Remediation

Judith Scott-ClaytonPeter M. CrostaClive Belfield
This paper uses administrative data and a rich predictive model to examine the accuracy of remedial screening tests, used either with or instead of high school transcript data to determine remedial assignment.
Evaluating Your College’s Readiness for Technology Adoption
July 2014

Evaluating Your College’s Readiness for Technology Adoption

Melinda Mechur KarpJeffrey Fletcher
Based on CCRC’s Readiness for Technology Adoption framework, this self-assessment tool provides rubrics to help colleges identify issues that may need to be addressed to facilitate successful reform.
The Effects of English as a Second Language Courses on Language Minority Community College Students
June 2014

The Effects of English as a Second Language Courses on Language Minority Community College Students

Michelle Hodara
This study uses a difference-in-differences approach to identify the impact of ESL compared with developmental writing at an urban community college system.
Gaining Access or Losing Ground? Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Students in Undergraduate Engineering, 1994–2003
June 2014

Gaining Access or Losing Ground? Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Students in Undergraduate Engineering, 1994–2003

Valerie Lundy-WagnerCindy P. VeenstraMarisa K. OrrNichole M. RamirezMatthew W. OhlandRussell A. Long
This article uses economic, human, and cultural capital theories to frame and then describe access to undergraduate engineering degree programs and bachelor's degrees.
Simplifying Complexity in the Student Experience
June 2014

Simplifying Complexity in the Student Experience

Shanna Smith JaggarsJeffrey FletcherGeorgia West StaceyJill Little
This practitioner packet aims to help colleges identify areas where students struggle due to complexity in the academic decision-making process and devise low-cost solutions.
Redesigning the Student Intake and Information Provision Processes at a Large Comprehensive Community College
June 2014

Redesigning the Student Intake and Information Provision Processes at a Large Comprehensive Community College

Shanna Smith JaggarsJeffrey Fletcher
This working paper presents a case study of how one large, suburban community college planned and implemented a relatively low-cost redesign of its student intake and information provision processes.
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