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John Fink

Senior Research Associate and Program Lead

John Fink’s research seeks to uncover structural barriers within higher education that result in inequitable access to educational and economic opportunity for racially minoritized, low-income, and first-generation students. He focuses on how educational institutions can change to produce more equitable outcomes, and he prioritizes applying findings to inform efforts to improve community college effectiveness.

Fink uses national and state administrative data to study high school student access and acceleration into college, relationships between community college student outcomes, course-taking patterns, and program of study, and the effects of Guided Pathways reform on student success. Fink led analysis and co-authored with Davis Jenkins the 2016 Tracking Transfer report presenting new metrics and national findings on state and institutional transfer performance. He subsequently co-authored the Transfer Playbook detailing the essential practices of high-performing transfer partnerships. In 2017 he was lead author on a national study of community college dual enrollment students which tracked former dual enrollment students into postsecondary education and provided national and state-by-state outcomes. His work was recognized by the National Institute for the Study of Transfer Students with the Transfer Champion-Catalyst award in 2019.

Fink’s research has been published in the Journal of Higher Education, Community College Review, Journal of American College Health, Journal of Student Affairs Research & Practice, New Directions for Student Services, and the NASPA Journal About Women in Higher Education. He holds a certification in data visualization with D3.js from Metis Data Science Institute, an MA in college student personnel from the University of Maryland, College Park, and a BA in psychology and sociology from the University of Wisconsin, Madison.

April 2025

Which Community College Awards Are Likely to Prepare Students for Post-Completion Success? 

This report uses IPEDS and College Scorecard data to classify the credentials awarded by community colleges in 2022-23 and to assess which credentials are and are not likely to enable students to secure a living-wage job or transfer efficiently in a major.
March 2025

The Transfer Playbook (Second Edition): A Practical Guide for Achieving Excellence in Transfer and Bachelor’s Attainment for Community College Students

The second edition of the Transfer Playbook provides guidance for achieving excellence in transfer and bachelor’s attainment for community college students based on practices observed at exemplary community college and university partnerships.
October 2024

The Postsecondary Outcomes of High School Dual Enrollment Students: A National and State-by-State Analysis

Using NSC data, this report presents national and state-by-state findings on the postsecondary enrollment and completion outcomes of high school students who began taking dual enrollment college courses in fall 2015, tracked for four years after high school.
July 2024

Dual Enrollment Equity Pathways: A Research-Based Framework for Expanding College and Career Opportunity for Underserved Students

This article introduces “dual enrollment equity pathways” (DEEP)—a research-based framework for rethinking à la carte dual enrollment as a more equitable on-ramp to college programs of study that lead to high-opportunity career paths for students historically underserved in dual enrollment.
March 2024

How HEER Funding Rescued Community Colleges From the Pandemic

Using financial data from IPEDS, this ARCC Network brief examines what happened to community college revenue and student aid during the pandemic and assesses the importance of Higher Education Emergency Relief (HEER) funding for community colleges and their students.
February 2024

Tracking Transfer: Community College and Four-Year Institutional Effectiveness in Broadening Bachelor’s Degree Attainment

These two reports use student data disaggregated by race/ethnicity, neighborhood income, and age to measure the performance of two- and four-year institutions in enabling students who start college at a community college to transfer and complete bachelor’s programs. State-by-state breakdowns of transfer metrics designed for use by college and state system leaders are included in the reports and in an online data dashboard.
January 2024

“Waiving” Goodbye to Placement Testing: Broadening the Benefits of Dual Enrollment Through Statewide Policy

Using interview data from program leaders and statewide student data, this paper examines the implementation and estimates the effects of Ohio’s Innovative Programs, a policy aimed at expanding access to dual enrollment for underserved high school students.
January 2024

How States and Systems Can Support Practitioner Efforts to Strengthen Dual Enrollment

Informed by findings from The Dual Enrollment Playbook and site visits to Title I high schools and their community college partners in Texas and Florida, this report offers guidance for state leaders on how to support practitioner efforts to broaden the benefits of dual enrollment.
December 2023

Advancing Equity With Effective Community College Transfer Pathways

This brief, published by The Campaign for College Opportunity, explores ways transfer reform can close equity gaps in bachelor’s degree attainment by providing vital degree pathways for students from minoritized backgrounds.
October 2023

Greater Equity in College Access Through High School/College Dual Enrollment Programs

The brief, published by The Campaign for College Opportunity, summarizes the research on dual enrollment programs and offers policymakers a strategy to increase college enrollment and attainment via such efforts.
October 2023

Rethinking Dual Enrollment as an Equitable On-Ramp to a Career-Path College Degree Program After High School

This report presents the dual enrollment equity pathways (DEEP) framework, which aims to expand access to dual enrollment and redesign practices so that underserved students can use it to pursue a high-value postsecondary degree program directly after high school.
October 2023

DEEP Insights: Redesigning Dual Enrollment as a Purposeful Pathway to College and Career Opportunity

This report describes dual enrollment equity pathways (DEEP) reforms implemented by six community college–K-12 partnerships in Florida and Texas, and it provides insights and guidance for other colleges and schools interested in undertaking DEEP reforms.
October 2023

Toward a Practical Set of STEM Transfer Program Momentum Metrics

Drawing on administrative records from transfer-intending community college starters across three states, this paper develops a set of early STEM momentum metrics that are useful indicators of subsequent STEM transfer and bachelor’s degree attainment.
April 2023

Assessing College-Credit-in-High-School Programs as On-Ramps to Postsecondary Career Pathways for Underrepresented Students

This brief examines research on five programs—AP, IB, dual enrollment, ECHSs and P-TECHs, and high school CTE with articulated credit—and assesses their potential as large-scale on-ramps to high-quality postsecondary programs for underrepresented students.
March 2023

Smoothing Pathways to Transfer in the Humanities: A Report on the Strengthening Michigan Humanities Project

This report describes the rationale, goals, and activities of the Strengthening Michigan Humanities project, and it provides statewide statistics and trends on community college enrollment, transfer, and bachelor’s degree completion in humanities fields.
February 2023

How Can Community Colleges Afford to Offer Dual Enrollment College Courses to High School Students at a Discount?

Using three case studies, this paper examines the conditions under which dual enrollment programming could be made sustainable through efficiency gains, even for colleges that charge discounted tuition (or none at all)
August 2022

Stratified Trajectories: Charting Equity Gaps in Program Pathways Among Community College Students

Using nine years of data from one state, this paper tracks completion and transfer outcomes to examine when gaps between Black, Hispanic, and White community college students occur, and it estimates the benefits of reaching early academic milestones for such students.
November 2021

Measuring STEM Momentum: Early Indicators of STEM Transfer Success for Community College Students

Drawing on findings from a study of postsecondary college transcript and degree records, this brief describes metrics that may be useful in assessing efforts to improve STEM transfer outcomes.
March 2021

College Acceleration for All? Mapping Racial/Ethnic Gaps in Advanced Placement and Dual Enrollment Participation

This paper estimates the patterns and sources of White–Black and White–Hispanic enrollment gaps in Advancement Placement (AP) and dual enrollment programs across several thousand school districts and metropolitan areas in the United States.
September 2020

The Dual Enrollment Playbook: A Guide to Equitable Acceleration for Students

Based on research conducted in three states, this report identifies five principles that undergird the strategies and practices of equitable dual enrollment partnerships between high schools and colleges.
June 2020

Unpacking Program Enrollments and Completions With Equity in Mind

This guide presents a set of example data analyses colleges can replicate to examine whether underserved groups of students are equitably represented in programs that lead to higher opportunity outcomes for employment and/or baccalaureate transfer.
July 2019

Early Momentum Metrics: Leading Indicators for Community College Improvement

In this brief, the authors examine how well nine measures of students’ progress in their first year predict student completion in subsequent years, and thus how suitable these early momentum metrics are as leading indicators of the effectiveness of institutional reforms.
September 2018

Building Guided Pathways to Community College Student Success: Promising Practices and Early Evidence From Tennessee

This report describes the guided pathways reforms taking place at the 13 community colleges in the Tennessee Board of Regents, along with promising trends in first-year momentum among entering students.
June 2018

Strengthening Transfer Paths to a Bachelor’s Degree: Identifying Effective Two-Year to Four-Year College Partnerships

Using National Student Clearinghouse data, this paper introduces a two-stage, input-adjusted, value-added analytic framework for identifying partnerships of two- and four-year institutions that are particularly effective in enabling students to transfer and earn bachelor’s degrees.
April 2018

What We Are Learning About Guided Pathways

This practitioner packet describes the guided pathways reform model; presents case studies of how colleges are approaching key pathways practices, with promising evidence on student success from early adopters; and outlines steps and a timeline for implementing guided pathways reforms.
February 2018

Are Community College Transfer Students “A Good Bet” for 4-Year Admissions? Comparing Academic and Labor-Market Outcomes Between Transfer and Native 4-Year College Students

Using detailed administrative data from Virginia, this journal article examines whether community college “vertical transfer” students who resemble “native four-year” students in their accumulated college-level credits and performance at their point of entry into the four-year sector perform equally well in terms of both academic and labor market outcomes.
February 2018

Using Data Mining to Explore Why Community College Transfer Students Earn Bachelor’s Degrees With Excess Credits

This CCRC working paper uses data-mining techniques to analyze student transcripts from two states and identify variables associated with excess credits among bachelor’s degree completers who started at a community college.
December 2017

Tackling Transfer: A Guide to Convening Community Colleges and Universities to Improve Transfer Student Outcomes

This guide aims to help state entities organize workshops for two- and four-year institutions to improve transfer and graduation outcomes for their students through data analysis and self-reflection of institutional practices and the development of action plans.
December 2017

How to Measure Community College Effectiveness in Serving Transfer Students

This guide provides instructions for community colleges that want to use National Student Clearinghouse data to assess their own effectiveness and that of particular transfer partnerships in helping students to transfer and complete bachelor’s degrees.
October 2017

Takes Two to Tango: Essential Practices of Highly Effective Transfer Partnerships

This journal article offers a set of essential transfer practices culled from national fieldwork to two- and four-year institutional transfer partnerships identified using NSC data as highly effective in supporting transfer student success.
September 2017

What Happens to Students Who Take Community College “Dual Enrollment” Courses in High School?

This report uses student enrollment and degree records from the National Student Clearinghouse to examine who enrolls in community college dual enrollment courses and what happens to them after high school.
September 2017

Building Blocks: Laying the Groundwork for Guided Pathways Reform in Ohio

This report describes how Ohio’s two-year colleges are approaching guided pathways reforms, focusing on innovations they have implemented in recent years that can serve as building blocks as they seek to transform their policies, practices, and culture following the guided pathways model.
June 2017

What Do Students Think of Guided Pathways?

Using interview data from first-year students at City Colleges of Chicago (CCC), this brief describes students’ reactions to important components of CCC’s recent guided pathways reform efforts.
May 2017

Is It Really Cheaper to Start at a Community College? The Consequences of Inefficient Transfer for Community College Students Seeking Bachelor’s Degrees

Using data from two state systems, this paper examines whether it is more efficient for bachelor’s degree seekers to start at a two-year college.
April 2017

Implementing Guided Pathways: Early Insights From the AACC Pathways Colleges

This report provides insight into how colleges are planning and implementing “guided pathways” reforms based on the early work of 30 colleges participating in the American Association of Community Colleges’ (AACC) Pathways Project.
January 2017

Policy Levers to Strengthen Community College Transfer Student Success in Texas

Based on three sets of analyses, this report to the Greater Texas Foundation recommends ways that state policy could help to improve outcomes for community college transfer students in Texas.
November 2016

A Longitudinal Analysis of Community College Pathways to Computer Science Bachelor’s Degrees

This report investigates the national landscape of computer science students at community colleges in order to better understand student behaviors and institutional characteristics that support or hinder community college students’ efforts to attain a computer science bachelor’s degree.
May 2016

The Transfer Playbook: Essential Practices for Two- and Four-Year Colleges

This playbook is a practical guide to designing and implementing a key set of practices that will help community colleges and their four-year college partners improve bachelor’s completion rates for students who start at community colleges.
January 2016

Tracking Transfer: New Measures of Institutional and State Effectiveness in Helping Community College Students Attain Bachelor’s Degrees

This report uses five metrics to measure the effectiveness of two- and four-year institutions in enabling community college students to transfer to four-year institutions and earn bachelor’s degrees.
January 2015

What We Know About Transfer

This research overview reviews findings on transfer from community colleges to four-year colleges, including student outcomes, barriers to transfer, the economic benefits of transfer, and potential benefits to four-year colleges.
May 2025

Transfer Turnaround: Rebounding Enrollments and Recommendations From the Updated Transfer Playbook

March 2025

Millions of College Students Are Still in High School: Implications for Student Affairs

February 2025

Diving DEEP: Dual Enrollment Equity Pathways as a Model for Increasing College Access

February 2025

More Essential Than Ever: Community College Pathways to Educational and Career Success

February 2025

Postsecondary Outcomes of High School Dual Enrollment Students: A National and State-by-State Analysis

October 2024

Data, Dashboards, and Tools, Oh My! From Novice to Pro with National DE Data

October 2024

DEEP Dive: Redesigning Dual Enrollment as a Purposeful Pathway to College and Career Opportunity

August 2024

What’s Next for Dual Enrollment?

February 2024

Full Steam Ahead: From Tracking to Transforming Transfer!

January 2024

Enabling DEEP Webinar: How States and Systems Can Support Practitioner Efforts to Strengthen Dual Enrollment

November 2023

Are We Ready for Transfers? Dismantling Barriers and Taking Collective Responsibility for Transfer Student Success

May 2023

Leading Equitable Dual Credit… DEEP in the Heart of Texas

June 2021

Estimating Trends in Access to Dual Enrollment Using IPEDS and CRDC Data

January 2021

Leading With Equity in Dual Enrollment

February 2020

Aiming for Equity: Early College & Dual Enrollment

February 2019

Increasing Equity in Dual Enrollment

February 2018

Measuring (and Improving) the Impacts of Guided Pathways Reforms

February 2018

Takes Two to Tango: Applying Insights From Highly Effective Transfer Partnerships

January 2018

What We Know About Transfer Outcomes and How Colleges Can Improve Them

December 2017

What We Know About Transfer Outcomes and How Colleges Can Improve Them

May 2017

Unpacking the Transfer Playbook: How Colleges Can Improve Transfer Outcomes

May 2017

Assessing, Supporting, and Scaling Pathways

May 2017

Unpacking the Transfer Playbook: How Higher Education Institutions Can Improve Transfer Outcomes

April 2017

CCRC Research on Guided Pathways: What We’re Learning

April 2017

Unpacking the Transfer Playbook: How Colleges Can Improve Transfer Outcomes

April 2017

Unpacking the Transfer Playbook: How Colleges Can Improve Transfer Outcomes

April 2017

​​Unpacking the Transfer Playbook: How Colleges Can Improve Transfer Outcomes

March 2017

Student Voices: Perspectives on Guided Pathway Reforms

February 2017

Unpacking the Transfer Playbook: How Colleges Can Improve Transfer Outcomes

Recent Publications

April 2025

Which Community College Awards Are Likely to Prepare Students for Post-Completion Success? 

March 2025

The Transfer Playbook (Second Edition): A Practical Guide for Achieving Excellence in Transfer and Bachelor’s Attainment for Community College Students

October 2024

The Postsecondary Outcomes of High School Dual Enrollment Students: A National and State-by-State Analysis

July 2024

Dual Enrollment Equity Pathways: A Research-Based Framework for Expanding College and Career Opportunity for Underserved Students

Recent Presentations

May 2025

Transfer Turnaround: Rebounding Enrollments and Recommendations From the Updated Transfer Playbook

March 2025

Millions of College Students Are Still in High School: Implications for Student Affairs

February 2025

Diving DEEP: Dual Enrollment Equity Pathways as a Model for Increasing College Access

February 2025

More Essential Than Ever: Community College Pathways to Educational and Career Success

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