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Susan Bickerstaff

Senior Research Associate

Susan Bickerstaff conducts qualitative research on developmental education reform, teaching and learning, faculty learning and engagement, and student experiences at community colleges. Current CCRC projects include Adapting Lesson Study for Community College Mathematics Instruction and the Caring Campus Initiative. Previously, she worked on the Engaging Adjunct Faculty in the Student Success Movement, Scaling Mathematics Pathways, and the CUNY Start projects.

Bickerstaff holds a PhD in reading, writing, and literacy from the University of Pennsylvania. Her dissertation focused on the experiences of adolescents at an urban community college. Bickerstaff holds a BA in community health from Brown University and an MS in education from Drexel University. She previously worked as a coordinator at a community-based adult education program and taught research methods courses at Rutgers Graduate School of Education and Oregon State University.

February 2025

Beyond Engagement: Promoting Motivation and Learning in Online Courses

This Postsecondary Teaching with Technology Collaborative brief examines how students develop and use self-directed learning (SDL) skills—motivational, metacognitive, and applied learning processes that enable them to sustain effort, reflect on progress, set goals, and adapt their study strategies.
April 2024

Supporting Learning Online: Perspectives of Faculty and Staff at Broad-Access Institutions During COVID-19

This Postsecondary Teaching with Technology Collaborative report examines how faculty and staff at nine institutions reconsidered students’ online learning needs in the midst of the pandemic, and it explores how supports were offered to help students strengthen their self-directed learning skills.
April 2024

Self-Directed Learning Skills: Strategies to Support Student Learning in Online STEM Courses

This Postsecondary Teaching with Technology Collaborative brief discusses some of the challenges with online teaching reported by STEM instructors, describes a self-directed learning (SDL) framework to address these challenges, and highlights support strategies that can be integrated into teaching practices.
March 2024

Developmental Education Reform as a Civil Rights Agenda: Recent History & Future Directions for California

This paper describes research that prompted developmental education reform, explores efforts in California that led to the passing of A.B. 705, summarizes research on its implementation and outcomes, and discusses the implications of this research for improving postsecondary access and success.
October 2023

A Foundation and a Fire: Strengthening Humanities Education in Community Colleges

Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data, this report presents findings from research on humanities coursetaking at Michigan community colleges conducted as part of the Strengthening Michigan Humanities project.
March 2023

Smoothing Pathways to Transfer in the Humanities: A Report on the Strengthening Michigan Humanities Project

This report describes the rationale, goals, and activities of the Strengthening Michigan Humanities project, and it provides statewide statistics and trends on community college enrollment, transfer, and bachelor’s degree completion in humanities fields.
October 2022

Five Principles for Reforming Developmental Education: A Review of the Evidence

In a review of impact and implementation studies from the past ten years, this CAPR report summarizes what is known about how innovations to developmental education can improve student outcomes, and it draws out five principles that are key for reform.
June 2022

Implementing Caring Campus With Nonacademic Staff: Lessons From Participating Colleges

Based on fieldwork at six institutions, this report describes how colleges are implementing Caring Campus/Staff, a program designed to engage nonacademic staff in improving interactions with students and fostering a culture of caring at community colleges.
April 2022

Improving College Success for Students in Corequisite Reading

Using administrative data, this report examines early college outcomes of students placed into corequisite reading courses at the 13 community colleges in the Tennessee Board of Regents system.
January 2022

How Lesson Study Facilitated the Adoption of New Teaching Practices in a Community College Quantitative Reasoning Course

This article describes how lesson study—a structured, collaborative professional development intervention—encouraged developmental mathematics faculty at three community colleges to implement new approaches to instruction.
October 2021

The Implementation and Outcomes of Lesson Study in Community College Mathematics

This report describes a project undertaken by CCRC, Education Northwest, and three Oregon community colleges to adapt lesson study for use among faculty teaching a precollege (developmental) quantitative literacy course.
August 2021

Committing to Instructional Improvement in an Era of Community College Reform

This article argues that by tying instructional improvement efforts to ongoing reforms, colleges may be able to take advantage of structures and mechanisms employed by the reform to make teaching an institutional priority.
June 2021

A Role for Disciplinary Societies in Supporting Community College Adjunct Faculty

This article establishes the importance of adjunct faculty in supporting student success, describes the experiences of adjunct faculty, and offers suggestions for disciplinary societies that seek to meet the needs of adjunct faculty.
March 2021

Caring Campus: An Initiative to Involve Community College Staff in Increasing Student Success

This brief describes the importance of nonacademic staff to the student experience and presents initial findings related to the Caring Campus initiative’s capacity to affect college culture and ground further change efforts.
January 2021

Implementing and Scaling Multiple Measures Assessment in the Context of COVID-19

This brief discusses how community college systems in four states—Indiana, Virginia, Texas, and Washington—supported large-scale changes to student placement practices in reaction to challenges associated with the COVID pandemic.
July 2020

How Did Six Community Colleges Design Supports for Part-Time Faculty? A Report on Achieving the Dream’s Engaging Adjuncts Project

This report describes findings from a study of a two-year initiative led by Achieving the Dream to develop and implement strategies to support adjunct faculty in improving student outcomes.
May 2020

How Can We Improve Teaching in Higher Education? Learning From CUNY Start

This paper describes the professional development model used in CUNY Start, a program developed at the City University of New York to support entering students identified as academically underprepared in literacy and mathematics.
May 2020

Exploring the State of the Humanities in Community Colleges

This paper discusses what is known about humanities coursework in community colleges, outlines key challenges facing humanities education in this sector, and considers approaches to addressing these challenges
February 2020

A Top-Down/Bottom-Up Approach to Statewide Change: Mathematics Pathways to Completion

This report examines the efforts of six state higher education systems to improve student outcomes and close opportunity gaps in mathematics as part of a three-year project led by the Charles A. Dana Center at The University of Texas at Austin.
October 2019

Creating Accelerated Pathways for Student Success in Mathematics: A Snapshot of Courses Offered at the Launch of the Mathematics Pathways to Completion Project

This research brief describes findings from a survey about mathematics course offerings at institutions in six states implementing mathematics pathways.
September 2019

Adapting Lesson Study for Community College Mathematics Instruction: Early Observations

This short report provides a rationale for implementing Lesson Study, a collaborative and structured professional development approach, in the community college context.
June 2019

Teaching Matters and So Does Curriculum: How CUNY Start Reshaped Instruction for Students Referred to Developmental Mathematics

This paper describes key features of CUNY Start mathematics and how it differs from traditional developmental education.
November 2018

Understanding the Needs of Part-Time Faculty at Six Community Colleges

Using interview, focus group, and survey data, this brief explores the experiences of part-time faculty at six Achieving the Dream leader colleges working to engage adjunct faculty in student success initiatives.
October 2018

Mathematics Pathways to Completion: Setting the Conditions for Statewide Reform in Higher Education

This report describes the Mathematics Pathways to Completion project developed by the Charles A. Dana Center and the condititions that facilitate the statewide implementation of math pathways reforms.
April 2018

Addressing Academic Underpreparedness in Service of College Completion

In this article, the authors posit that a reframing of academic preparedness is warranted, and they outline three potential strategies for addressing academic underpreparedness beyond the structural and curricular reforms to developmental education taking place in many colleges.
April 2018

Developmental Education: The Evolution of Research and Reform

This chapter in Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research reviews the structure and effectiveness of traditional developmental education and provides a history of first-, second-, and third-wave reforms and research on those approaches.
August 2017

From “Additive” to “Integrative”: Experiences of Faculty Teaching Developmental Integrated Reading and Writing Courses

Using interview, focus group, and case study data, this paper documents the perceptions and experiences of faculty members in the midst of statewide reform efforts in Virginia and North Carolina to integrate developmental reading and writing courses.
July 2017

“I Came in Unsure of Everything”: Community College Students’ Shifts in Confidence

Using interview data from students at three community colleges, this paper examines shifts in confidence that students experience early in their college careers.
May 2016

Modularization in Developmental Mathematics in Two States: Implementation and Early Outcomes

This paper discusses the implementation of modularized developmental mathematics reforms in North Carolina and Virginia, presents student outcomes for two distinct course structures, and considers the opportunities and challenges they present.
September 2015

Examining Faculty Questions to Facilitate Instructional Improvement in Higher Education

This article uses qualitative data from a multi-campus study of instructional reform in developmental education to present a typology of questions raised by community college faculty teaching in reformed contexts.
September 2014

Redesigning Arithmetic for Student Success: Supporting Faculty to Teach in New Ways

This chapter describes a promising approach to teaching developmental arithmetic and prealgebra and presents findings on a faculty support network that helped instructors adopt new teaching strategies.
February 2014

Faculty Orientations Toward Instructional Reform

This issue of Inside Out identifies and explores the implications of three faculty orientations toward reform that consistently manifest when an innovation is introduced: ready to act, ambivalent, and reluctant to change.
December 2013

Why Students Do Not Prepare for Math Placement Exams: Student Perspectives

Based on survey and focus group data from four community colleges, this research brief discusses why many students who go on to enroll in developmental math are unlikely to prepare for the math placement exam.
June 2013

Strengthening Developmental Education Reforms: Evidence on Implementation Efforts From the Scaling Innovation Project

Drawing on a scan of remedial reform efforts and fieldwork at 11 colleges, this paper examines trends in reform implementation and provides a framework for strengthening reform efforts and institutional capacity.
December 2012

Pathways to Faculty Learning and Pedagogical Improvement

This issue of Inside Out explores how developmental education reforms can create opportunities for faculty to engage in professional learning related to instruction.
October 2012

College 101 Courses for Applied Learning and Student Success

A study of College 101 courses at three community colleges in Virginia suggests that these courses could have long-term impacts if they focused more on the application and practice of learned skills.
April 2012

Adoption and Adaptation: A Framework for Instructional Reform

This edition of Inside Out, a publication of CCRC's Scaling Innovation project, outlines a three-part framework for colleges looking to adopt and adapt a developmental education reform.
February 2025

Unique Roles of Community Colleges in Climate 

March 2021

Improving Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Using Lesson Study: Reporting on a Study of Faculty Development in Community Colleges

March 2020

Using Lesson Study to Improve Teaching and Learning

August 2019

Putting Learning at the Center: Looking Ahead to the Next Decade of Community College Reform

February 2019

Building a Culture of Teaching and Learning Excellence

January 2018

Building Structures and Supports to Engage Adjunct Faculty in the Student Success Movement

Recent Publications

February 2025

Beyond Engagement: Promoting Motivation and Learning in Online Courses

April 2024

Supporting Learning Online: Perspectives of Faculty and Staff at Broad-Access Institutions During COVID-19

April 2024

Self-Directed Learning Skills: Strategies to Support Student Learning in Online STEM Courses

March 2024

Developmental Education Reform as a Civil Rights Agenda: Recent History & Future Directions for California

Recent Presentations

February 2025

Unique Roles of Community Colleges in Climate 

March 2021

Improving Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Using Lesson Study: Reporting on a Study of Faculty Development in Community Colleges

March 2020

Using Lesson Study to Improve Teaching and Learning

August 2019

Putting Learning at the Center: Looking Ahead to the Next Decade of Community College Reform

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